browser-cjs

A minimal CommonJS-like module loader for the browser environment.

As a client-side CommonJS module loader, browser-cjs aims to implement a Node.js-like module loading utility in the browser environment. In other words, it defines in the global scope of the browser a utility function called require, whose role is to synchronously load (without the need of a JS bundler, such as Webpack or Browserify) JS modules defined with to the CommonJS module syntax.

Note: In a case when the runtime environment already supports the require utility function (such as the ElectronJS environment, or the NWJS environment), browser-cjs will not override or replace the existing require function; instead, it will reuse it as-is.

Installation

To give browser-cjs a try install it with npm, using

npm install browser-cjs

or

npm install --save browser-cjs

and load it in your page from its installation package using an HTML script tag, as shown in the following example:

<script src="/node_modules/browser-cjs/require.js"></script>

As an alternative, you may download a copy locally or reference it directly from unpkg:

// For production
<script src="https://unpkg.com/browser-cjs/require.min.js"></script>

// For development
<script src="https://unpkg.com/browser-cjs/require.js"></script>

Usage

Once the browser-cjs module loader is fully loaded, and its require utility function available in the browser’s global scope, it is ready for loading content, which includes CommonJS modules and JSON data files.

Loading CommonJS modules

CommonJS modules, or Javascript files in CommonJS module format, are files that expose JS functionality typically using the module.exports syntax. Here is an example of such a module:

module.exports = 'This is a string';

To use browser-cjs for loading and evaluating JS files in CommonJS module format, simply call the globally available function require with the name of the module file given as argument (as it’s done in Node.js).

For instance, to load a module called moduleName.js:

<script>
  const moduleName = require("/path/to/moduleName.js");
  // ...
  // The rest of the code goes here...
</script>

Important:

It is necessary to specify the extension of the file (.es6, .js, etc.), because without the extension, **browser-cjs will assume that moduleName is a directory and it will try to load the /path/to/nodeModule/<package.main> file, where <package.main> is the file main specified in the package.json (e.g.: main: "./index.js").** (Please refer to the Limitations section).

JSON data files

In addition to CommonJS modules, browser-cjs supports loading plain JSON files as well. However, it is important to keep in mind that browser-cjs loads content synchronously, and in most cases a synchronous operation is not the desired or recommended way of loading this type of files (unless there is a specific reason for that, such as loading configuration files, or other special cases in which a synchronous operation is acceptable, or even preferred over an asynchronous operation).

Thus, to let browser-cjs know that the content it has to load is not a module, but a JSON data file, the file name must end with the .json extension. Here are some examples of loading JSON files with browser-cjs’s require utility:

const config = require("/path/to/file/config.json");
const package = require("/package.json");

Options

To allow the user to modify its default configuration, browser-cjs supports a set of options (or parameters), which includes:

These options can be passed as data attributes (using the data- prefix) to the script tag that loads the library as in the following example:

<script
  src="/node_modules/browser-cjs/require.js"
  data-base_dir="./dist"
  data-styles="./css/style.css"
  data-scripts="https://unpkg.com/react@16/umd/react.production.min.js, https://unpkg.com/react-dom@16/umd/react-dom.production.min.js, https://unpkg.com/prop-types@15.6/prop-types.min.js"
  data-main="./dist/index.js">
</script>

In the example above the script tag, in addition to loading the require.js file, specifies the base URL for all relative links, specifies also a stylesheet and some pre-requisite (probably non-CommonJS compatible) scripts to load, and indicates the file to load and execute first as the main entry point of the application.

Example

Next is a sample app that uses browser-cjs’ require function to load the package.json file of this package and display the package name, description and version of the package, as well as the version of the preloaded jquery library.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>Browser-CJS Example</title>

    <!-- load the <b>browser-cjs</b> library -->
    <script src="../../../../require.js" data-scripts="https://unpkg.com/jquery@3.3.1/dist/jquery.js">
    </script>

    <!-- the main script -->
    <script>
      window.addEventListener("load", () => {
        const package = require("./package.json");
        $("#root").html(`<div>
          <h2>${package.name}</h2>
          <p>${package.description}</p>
          <div>Version: <span>${package.version}</span></div>
          <hr />
          <div>jQuery version: <span>${$.fn.jquery}</span></div>
        </div>`);
      });
    </script>
  </head>

  <body>
    <div id="root"></div>
  </body>
</html>

Limitations

Since this library is not designed for the Node.js environment, but rather for the browser environment, it will behave slightly different than the module loader of Node.js, and the main reason is that the browser’s limitations and constrains still apply.

One major difference is that the require() function of browser-cjs, unlike the require() function of Node.js, resolves the path to a given module relative to the current directory, the root directory or the data-base_dir script attribute, if provided.

For this reason, modules located inside npm packages must be requested by their full path relative to the node_modules directory, as in the following examples:

const atob = require("/node_modules/atob");
const use = require("/node_modules/use");
const wrappy = require("/node_modules/wrappy");

acknowledging that due to the client-side limitations and constrains there is no guarantee that all Node.js modules will be able to run, or run correctly, in the browser environment.

Version

1.0.3

Demo Apps

Here is a list of sample demo apps that use browser-cjs as a module loader: